When my Pug Harold passed away suddenly of a stroke, I realised that I knew very little about strokes in dogs (and in humans too for that matter!) As pet owners, we want our canine companions to live long, healthy lives. While we often think, and know a great deal, about conditions like arthritis or heart disease – including both causes and how to manage them, strokes in dogs are a less-discussed and less-understood but serious health issue. Understanding the signs, causes, and treatment of strokes in dogs can help ensure timely action if your dog ever faces such a challenge. Here’s what every dog owner should know.
Please do consult a vet if you have any questions about strokes, or any concerns about the health of your dog. The following blog is meant to be as a guide only, and should never replace medical advice from a qualified Veterinary Surgeon.
What is a Stroke in Dogs?
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). This disruption of oxygen and nutrients can lead to brain damage and a range of neurological symptoms. While less common in dogs than in humans, strokes do occur and can be life-threatening.
Causes of Stroke in Dogs
Several factors can lead to strokes in dogs, including:
- Blood Clots: These can block blood vessels in the brain, cutting off oxygen
- Heart Disease: Conditions like high blood pressure or heart murmurs can increase the risk
- Kidney Disease: Ailing kidneys can contribute to clotting issues and high blood pressure
- Tumours: Brain tumours can compress or damage blood vessels
- Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can cause thickening of blood, leading to clots
- Head Trauma: Injuries to the head may result in hemorrhaging in the brain
- Infections: Some infections cause inflammation in the blood vessels or brain, triggering a stroke
Signs of Stroke in Dogs
Strokes often come on suddenly, and the signs can be alarming. Symptoms include:
- Sudden loss of balance: Your dog may stumble, walk in circles, or seem disoriented
- Head tilt: Dogs with a stroke may hold their head at an odd angle
- Weakness or paralysis: Often localized to one side of the body, this is a critical sign of a stroke
- Loss of vision: Your dog may bump into objects or seem confused about their surroundings
- Confusion or anxiety: Behavioural changes can happen quickly after a stroke
- Seizures: In severe cases, dogs may experience seizures
- Loss of bladder or bowel control: Sudden incontinence may indicate neurological issues
These symptoms often mimic other neurological conditions, so it’s crucial to act quickly and consult your vet to get a diagnosis.
How to Act if You Suspect a Stroke
If you suspect your dog is having a stroke, here’s what you can do:
- Stay calm: Panicking will only make it harder to help your dog
- Limit movement: Try to keep your dog still to avoid further injury or stress
- Call your vet immediately: Describe the symptoms you’re seeing so your vet can advise you on next steps
- Transport your dog carefully: If advised, take your dog to the vet for an evaluation. Keep them comfortable and avoid any jostling during the ride
- Do not administer medications: Unless your vet has specifically told you to give certain medications, don’t attempt to treat the stroke on your own. Some human medicines are toxic to dogs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Upon arrival at the vet, your dog will likely undergo a physical and neurological examination. Advanced imaging techniques, like MRI or CT scans, might be needed to confirm the stroke. Blood tests can also help identify underlying conditions like kidney disease or hypothyroidism that might have triggered the stroke.
Treatment for strokes in dogs focuses on stabilizing the dog and addressing the root cause. Some common treatment steps include:
- Intravenous (IV) fluids: These help manage dehydration, stabilise blood pressure, and support overall health
- Medications: Your vet may prescribe drugs to control blood pressure, prevent clotting, or manage inflammation
- Oxygen therapy: In some cases, supplemental oxygen is provided to ensure adequate brain oxygenation
- Physical therapy: Dogs may need rehabilitation to recover lost motor skills or balance
Recovery and Long-Term Care
Recovery from a stroke varies depending on its severity and how quickly treatment was administered. Many dogs do recover and lead happy lives after a stroke, though some may experience lingering symptoms such as a head tilt or slight loss of coordination.
During recovery, your dog might need special care:
- Physical therapy: Exercises can help rebuild strength and mobility
- A safe environment: Minimise obstacles at home to prevent falls, and provide soft bedding for comfort
- Frequent vet visits: These are critical to monitor your dog’s progress and make any adjustments to their care plan
- Medications: Depending on the cause of the stroke, your dog may need lifelong medications to manage underlying conditions
Preventing Strokes in Dogs
While not all strokes can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:
- Regular vet visits: Routine exams can help detect and manage conditions like heart or kidney disease before they lead to a stroke
- Manage underlying health conditions: If your dog has a known condition, such as hypothyroidism, follow your vet’s advice closely regarding medications and lifestyle changes.
- Healthy diet and exercise: Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces the risk of strokes related to obesity or heart disease
- Watch for warning signs: If your dog is showing symptoms of a condition that could lead to a stroke, such as high blood pressure or excessive lethargy, seek veterinary care right away
Conclusion
Strokes in dogs can be frightening, but quick action and appropriate treatment can make all the difference. By recognising the signs, understanding the causes, and knowing how to respond, you can help ensure your dog gets the care they need during such a critical time. With proper veterinary support and a good recovery plan, many dogs go on to live healthy, happy lives post-stroke.
Stay vigilant and remember that your vet is always your best resource when it comes to keeping your dog healthy and safe.